Os desastres de Mariana e Brumadinho e a gestão de resíduos das indústrias extrativistas: Uma análise comparativa dos regimes de prevenção de riscos associados a barragens de rejeitos no Brasil e na União Europeia

INTRODUCTION A. THE BRAZILIAN FRAMEWORK Technical analysis in environmental licensing for dams 1.1. The upstream elevation method as an intolerable risk and the determination of decommissioning 1.2. The mandatory adoption of the best available techniques as an alternative to tailings disposal in dams 1.3. The principle of adaptability and the instability of environmental licences The policy of exclusion and the territorial delimitation of risk 2.1. Self-Rescue Zones: between risk removal and population resettlement 2.2. Dam Break Studies: the flood impact area 2.3. The domino effect Environmental bonding B. THE EUROPEAN FRAMEWORK Regulation prior to Directive 2006 and lessons learned from the Baia Mare accident The provisions of Directive 2006/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2.1. The prevention of major accidents 2.2. The preparation of waste/tailings management plans 2.3. Financial guarantees 2.4. Public participation and the “right to know” C. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS