{"id":2025,"date":"2023-06-19T16:07:49","date_gmt":"2023-06-19T16:07:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lisbonpubliclaw.pt\/projetos\/trust-independence-impartiality-and-accountability-of-legal-professionals-under-the-eu-charter-part-2-triial-2-ga-no-101089737\/"},"modified":"2024-10-03T09:14:41","modified_gmt":"2024-10-03T09:14:41","slug":"trust-independence-impartiality-and-accountability-of-legal-professionals-under-the-eu-charter-part-2-triial-2-ga-no-101089737","status":"publish","type":"projetos","link":"https:\/\/lisbonpubliclaw.pt\/en\/projetos\/trust-independence-impartiality-and-accountability-of-legal-professionals-under-the-eu-charter-part-2-triial-2-ga-no-101089737\/","title":{"rendered":"TRust, Independence, Impartiality and Accountability of Legal professionals under the EU Charter – part 2 (TRIIAL 2) GA n\u00ba 101089737"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"imagem-do-projeto":"https:\/\/lisbonpubliclaw.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/projetos.png","investigador-responsavel":["1806"],"investigador-lpl":[],"investigadores-externos":"","consultores":"","sumario-do-projecto":"Fornecer atividades e ferramentas de forma\u00e7\u00e3o destinadas a familiarizar os ju\u00edzes, procuradores e advogados com os conceitos europeus de independ\u00eancia, imparcialidade e responsabiliza\u00e7\u00e3o, os princ\u00edpios da confian\u00e7a m\u00fatua e do reconhecimento m\u00fatuo no dom\u00ednio da justi\u00e7a, bem como a\r\nprote\u00e7\u00e3o oferecida \u00e0 liberdade de express\u00e3o dos profissionais da justi\u00e7a. Ao faz\u00ea-lo, aumenta a contribui\u00e7\u00e3o destes profissionais para a prote\u00e7\u00e3o dos direitos fundamentais, beneficiando, em \u00faltima an\u00e1lise, o Estado de direito europeu (Estado de Direito).
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\r\nAtividades: formar pelo menos 500 profissionais da justi\u00e7a no \u00e2mbito de 12 forma\u00e7\u00f5es transfronteiri\u00e7as (WP2); desenvolver um reposit\u00f3rio eletr\u00f3nico de materiais de forma\u00e7\u00e3o em ingl\u00eas e em 8 l\u00ednguas nacionais (WP3); desenvolver uma rede ativa de profissionais que troquem pontos de vista sobre quest\u00f5es relacionadas com o Estado de direito europeu, que incluir\u00e1 os parceiros do cons\u00f3rcio, parceiros associados, formadores e estagi\u00e1rios (WPs1-4); atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o da base de dados do CJC com a nova jurisprud\u00eancia europeia e nacional sobre temas do Estado de direito (WPs2-4); divulga\u00e7\u00e3o das normas sobre o Estado de direito e os direitos fundamentais a n\u00edvel nacional atrav\u00e9s de eventos de forma\u00e7\u00e3o transfronteiri\u00e7os (WPs2-4); recolha e desenvolvimento de ferramentas de forma\u00e7\u00e3o que possam ser inclu\u00eddas no portal e-Justi\u00e7a (WPs2-4). Tipo e n\u00famero de pessoas que beneficiam do projecto: Diretamente (atrav\u00e9s dos eventos de forma\u00e7\u00e3o) aprox. 500 ju\u00edzes, procuradores e advogados, alguns dos quais tamb\u00e9m s\u00e3o formadores jur\u00eddicos. Indiretamente, os cidad\u00e3os da UE, a sociedade civil, os legisladores nacionais e os decisores pol\u00edticos da UE tamb\u00e9m beneficiar\u00e3o, uma vez que a justi\u00e7a ser\u00e1 prestada por profissionais mais informados.
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\r\nResultados esperados: Aumentar a capacidade dos profissionais da justi\u00e7a para promoverem o Estado de direito europeu no seu trabalho quotidiano, nomeadamente atrav\u00e9s das diferentes t\u00e9cnicas de intera\u00e7\u00e3o judicial; fomentar a coopera\u00e7\u00e3o intersetorial e transfronteiri\u00e7a na promo\u00e7\u00e3o do Estado de direito europeu.","objectivos-do-projeto":"Ao elaborar o TRIIAL 2, foram identificados cinco grupos principais de necessidades:
\r\n
\r\n1) refor\u00e7ar o Estado de direito e os direitos fundamentais como prioridade para um funcionamento eficaz da Uni\u00e3o (Comiss\u00e3o, Relat\u00f3rio de 2021 sobre o Estado de Direito, op.cit., p.2). Estas \u00e1reas foram identificadas como exigindo a maior necessidade de forma\u00e7\u00e3o entre as \u00e1reas do direito da UE (por exemplo, avalia\u00e7\u00e3o da Comiss\u00e3o da Estrat\u00e9gia Europeia de Forma\u00e7\u00e3o Judici\u00e1ria 2011-2020 SWD(2019) 380 final, p.49);
\r\n2) sensibilizar os profissionais da justi\u00e7a para o seu papel na contribui\u00e7\u00e3o para combater o atual retrocesso do Estado de direito (Estrat\u00e9gia Europeia de Forma\u00e7\u00e3o Judici\u00e1ria para 2021-2024, op. cit., p.2; FRA An\u00e1lise das respostas da consulta sobre uma nova Comiss\u00e3o Europeia Estrat\u00e9gia sobre a aplica\u00e7\u00e3o efetiva da Carta dos Direitos Fundamentais da UE [2020] p. 18-26);
\r\n3) esclarecer a incerteza quanto aos diferentes \u00e2mbitos de aplica\u00e7\u00e3o e intera\u00e7\u00e3o entre o art. 2\u00ba e art. 19(1)(2) TUE, e entre os arts. 2\u00ba e 19\u00ba TUE e art. 47 CFR (Parecer do AG, processos apensos C\u201183\/19, C\u2011127\/19 e C\u2011195\/19, par. 183);
\r\n4) sensibilizar para os novos desafios emergentes ao Estado de direito decorrentes da utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de novas tecnologias na organiza\u00e7\u00e3o dos tribunais e na resolu\u00e7\u00e3o de processos (Livro Branco da Comiss\u00e3o Europeia sobre Intelig\u00eancia Artificial - Uma abordagem europeia \u00e0 excel\u00eancia e \u00e0 confian\u00e7a Bruxelas, 19.2.2020 COM( 2020) 65 final), bem como sobre o impacto que as institui\u00e7\u00f5es de justi\u00e7a desempenham na promo\u00e7\u00e3o ou no impedimento da igualdade de g\u00e9nero; e
\r\n5) necessidade de melhorar a forma\u00e7\u00e3o em direito da UE para advogados (avalia\u00e7\u00e3o da Comiss\u00e3o sobre a Estrat\u00e9gia Europeia de Forma\u00e7\u00e3o Judici\u00e1ria 2011-2020, cit., p.50). Embora estas necessidades sejam partilhadas por todos os profissionais da justi\u00e7a, ser\u00e1 dedicada aten\u00e7\u00e3o espec\u00edfica \u00e0s especificidades emergentes em cada categoria (por exemplo, a perspectiva dos procuradores considerar\u00e1 o n\u00edvel de poder discricion\u00e1rio conferido a esta categoria e os limites aplic\u00e1veis ao sistema hier\u00e1rquico, conforme sublinhado pela an\u00e1lise preliminar) quest\u00e3o nos processos apensos C-566\/19, JR e C-626\/19 PPU, YC).
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\r\nEstas necessidades gerais ser\u00e3o colmatadas atrav\u00e9s da prossecu\u00e7\u00e3o dos seguintes objectivos espec\u00edficos:
\r\n1) sensibilizar mais profundamente os profissionais da justi\u00e7a para as normas europeias de independ\u00eancia judicial e de Estado de direito, tal como desenvolvidas pela nova jurisprud\u00eancia emergente do TJUE e do TEDH. A este respeito, os materiais de forma\u00e7\u00e3o do TRIIAL 2 oferecer\u00e3o ferramentas aos profissionais da justi\u00e7a para estabelecerem quais os aspectos da organiza\u00e7\u00e3o dos sistemas judiciais nacionais que se enquadram no \u00e2mbito do direito da UE e da Carta da UE, bem como as normas aplic\u00e1veis de protec\u00e7\u00e3o judicial efectiva da UE -direitos derivados (Comunica\u00e7\u00e3o da Comiss\u00e3o, Estrat\u00e9gia para refor\u00e7ar a aplica\u00e7\u00e3o da Carta dos Direitos Fundamentais na UE (COM(2020) 711 final);
\r\n2) familiarizar os profissionais da justi\u00e7a com os instrumentos de coopera\u00e7\u00e3o judici\u00e1ria vertical e horizontal oferecidos pelo direito da UE, nomeadamente os respetivos \u00e2mbitos de aplica\u00e7\u00e3o e efeitos, e o seu valor acrescentado para a resolu\u00e7\u00e3o de quest\u00f5es relativas \u00e0 interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o e aplica\u00e7\u00e3o dos artigos. 2.\u00ba e 19.\u00ba, n.\u00ba 1, do TUE, e art. 47 CFR (FRA, Dez anos depois: Desbloquear todo o potencial da Carta [2020] p. 22 e seguintes; Relat\u00f3rio sobre Direitos Fundamentais da FRA 2020, p. 9).
\r\n3) aumentar a sensibiliza\u00e7\u00e3o para os riscos potenciais de uma tomada de decis\u00e3o opaca, de discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o baseada no g\u00e9nero ou de outros tipos, atrav\u00e9s da utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de sistemas de aloca\u00e7\u00e3o de casos assistidos por IA e das formas de os combater. 4) incluir eventos de forma\u00e7\u00e3o transfronteiri\u00e7os espec\u00edficos para advogados e procuradores e estabelecer parcerias com institui\u00e7\u00f5es nacionais e transnacionais que representem os interesses espec\u00edficos destas duas profiss\u00f5es jur\u00eddicas (MEDEL, UNBR, EWLA).
","relevancia":"A actual crise do Estado de direito e a necessidade de capacitar os profissionais da justi\u00e7a em todos os Estados-Membros (EM) para defenderem o Estado de direito e os direitos fundamentais da UE.
\r\nAs recentes altera\u00e7\u00f5es constitucionais e legislativas em v\u00e1rios Estados-Membros (por exemplo, Hungria, Pol\u00f3nia, Rom\u00e9nia e Eslov\u00e9nia) est\u00e3o a questionar caracter\u00edsticas fundamentais do Estado de direito (Estado de direito) da UE. Pela primeira vez, as institui\u00e7\u00f5es da UE propuseram a activa\u00e7\u00e3o do mecanismo preventivo ao abrigo do art. 7 TUE contra a Pol\u00f3nia (ver COM (2017) 835 final) e a Hungria (ver resolu\u00e7\u00e3o do PE de 16 de janeiro de 2020 (2020\/2513(RSP)) e do mecanismo de condicionalidade do Estado de direito (ver resolu\u00e7\u00e3o do Parlamento Europeu de 10 de mar\u00e7o de 2022 (2022\/ 2535(RSP) apelando \u00e0 Comiss\u00e3o para que aplique imediatamente o mecanismo de condicionalidade do Estado de direito estabelecido pelo Regulamento relativo a um regime geral de condicionalidade para a prote\u00e7\u00e3o do or\u00e7amento da Uni\u00e3o 2022\/2092)). A jurisprud\u00eancia do TJUE est\u00e1 a crescer a um ritmo acelerado constatamos in\u00fameras viola\u00e7\u00f5es da independ\u00eancia judicial e dos direitos fundamentais que comprometem o Estado de direito na Europa (at\u00e9 agora, apenas por tribunais romenos, contamos 16 pedidos de decis\u00e3o prejudicial que foram apresentados ao TJUE: por exemplo, processos apensos C-83\/19, C-127 \/19, C195\/19, C-291\/19, C-355\/19 AFJR; Processos apensos C-357\/19, Processo C-379\/19, C-547\/19, Processos C-811\/19 e C- 840\/19, C-926\/19, C-929\/19, processos C-430\/21, C-709\/21, C-817\/21; 41 processos por infra\u00e7\u00e3o e pedidos de decis\u00e3o prejudicial foram tratados por tribunais polacos; e 16 processos por infra\u00e7\u00e3o e pedidos de decis\u00e3o prejudicial foram tratados pelos tribunais h\u00fangaros; veja mais no banco de dados TRIIAL e no banco de dados do Comit\u00ea Meijers).
\r\n
\r\nApesar do crescente di\u00e1logo judicial entre o TJUE e os tribunais nacionais de pa\u00edses em retrocesso do Estado de direito, o futuro de tais intera\u00e7\u00f5es \u00e9 prejudicado por decis\u00f5es recentes dos tribunais supremos e constitucionais que limitam o direito dos tribunais nacionais de utilizar o procedimento de reenvio prejudicial e pro\u00edbem os tribunais nacionais ' obriga\u00e7\u00e3o de dar cumprimento ao direito da UE com base numa compreens\u00e3o tendenciosa da identidade constitucional nacional (por exemplo, Decis\u00e3o 390\/2021 do Tribunal Constitucional Romeno; e Processo de Ac\u00f3rd\u00e3o do Tribunal Constitucional Polaco n.\u00ba K 3\/21).
\r\nParalelamente, o efeito inibidor do aumento dos processos disciplinares e das san\u00e7\u00f5es contra ju\u00edzes nacionais que d\u00e3o prioridade ao direito da UE est\u00e1 a p\u00f4r em perigo a aplica\u00e7\u00e3o efetiva do direito da UE a n\u00edvel interno (por exemplo, C-791\/19, C-430\/21). Estes crescentes desafios ao Estado de direito indicam a necessidade de uma maior forma\u00e7\u00e3o de todos os profissionais jur\u00eddicos envolvidos na presta\u00e7\u00e3o de justi\u00e7a nos pa\u00edses da UE mais afetados pela crise do Estado de direito sobre a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o eficaz dos par\u00e2metros de refer\u00eancia do Estado de direito (em particular, Hungria, Pol\u00f3nia e Rom\u00e9nia).
\r\n
\r\n\u00c9 evidente que os efeitos da crise no Estado de direito, resultantes de uma forte influ\u00eancia governamental sobre ju\u00edzes, procuradores e advogados, e, de um modo mais geral, sobre os sistemas judiciais nacionais, est\u00e3o a estender-se para al\u00e9m dos chamados pa\u00edses em retrocesso do Estado de direito, trazendo para a ribalta as actuais quest\u00f5es de independ\u00eancia dos ju\u00edzes e procuradores em todos os pa\u00edses da UE (por exemplo, Gu\u00f0mundur Andri \u00c1str\u00e1\u00f0sson v. Isl\u00e2ndia, Appl No. 26374\/18; C-869\/19, Repubblika; sobre as amea\u00e7as colocadas pelos presidentes dos tribunais \u00e0 independ\u00eancia judicial interna, ver D. Kosar, 'Politics of Judicial Independence and Judicial Accountability in Czechia: Bargaining in the Shadow of the Law between Court Presidents and the Ministry of Justice\u00bb (2017) European Constitutional Law Review, 13(2); sobre a insuficiente independ\u00eancia judicial dos procuradores ver, por exemplo, Alemanha, casos C -508\/19 e 82\/19); sobre a interfer\u00eancia governamental ilegal nos procedimentos de nomea\u00e7\u00e3o de profissionais do direito, ver J Vidmar: Slovenia\u2019s Legal Farce with the Nomination of European Delegated Prosecutors, VerfBlog, 2021\/8\/27, https:\/\/verfassungsblog.de\/slovenias-legal-farce\/ ; sobre os desenvolvimentos preocupantes no sentido da democracia iliberal na Eslov\u00e9nia, ver: S. Bardutzky, B. Bugaric, S. Zagorc, 'Slovenian Constitutional Hardball: Disruptive moves to an iliberal democratic?', VerfBlog, 2021\/4\/01, https:\/\/verfassungsblog .de\/slovenian-constitutionalhardball\/; sobre a It\u00e1lia, ver G. Grasso, Relat\u00f3rio Nacional TRIIAL, dispon\u00edvel na p\u00e1gina do TRIIAL; ver a sele\u00e7\u00e3o e participa\u00e7\u00e3o nos conselhos judiciais em Espanha e em Portugal (Documento de trabalho dos servi\u00e7os da Comiss\u00e3o. Relat\u00f3rio de 2021 sobre o Estado de direito)).
\r\n
\r\nEstamos assim a assistir a uma luta mais prolongada por padr\u00f5es de julgamento justo consagrados na Carta dos Direitos Fundamentais da UE (CFR), colocando em risco a coopera\u00e7\u00e3o judici\u00e1ria e o bom funcionamento dos princ\u00edpios de confian\u00e7a m\u00fatua e reconhecimento no Espa\u00e7o de Liberdade, Seguran\u00e7a e Justi\u00e7a ( ELSJ) como um todo. Nos processos C-216\/18 LM e C-354\/20 Openbaar Ministerie, o TJUE esclareceu que a confian\u00e7a m\u00fatua n\u00e3o pode ser uma \u201cconfian\u00e7a cega\u201d: os ju\u00edzes nacionais s\u00e3o, de facto, chamados a agir como guardi\u00f5es do Estado de direito europeu, verificando \u2013 partilhando com aos advogados o \u00f3nus probat\u00f3rio \u2013 se a pessoa procurada ao abrigo de um MDE receber\u00e1 prote\u00e7\u00e3o judicial efetiva no Estado requerente e se um requerente de asilo pode ser transferido para um Estado-Membro com quest\u00f5es de Estado de direito.
\r\nO facto de esta avalia\u00e7\u00e3o individual dever ser efectuada tamb\u00e9m quando existem defici\u00eancias generalizadas no sistema judicial do Estado requerente (processos apensos C-354\/20 PPU, C-412\/20) permite manter aberto o canal de coopera\u00e7\u00e3o entre pa\u00edses ainda \u201cconfi\u00e1veis\u201d entre os tribunais desse Estado e os tribunais de outros Estados-Membros, e entre os primeiros e o TJUE. Devido \u00e0 presun\u00e7\u00e3o de confian\u00e7a m\u00fatua, que \u00e9 o requisito essencial para o funcionamento do ELSJ, os tribunais nacionais de toda a UE s\u00e3o obrigados a participar na avalia\u00e7\u00e3o da \u201csa\u00fade\u201d da independ\u00eancia judicial e do Estado de direito noutros Estados-Membros. Al\u00e9m disso, desde o ac\u00f3rd\u00e3o ASJP no processo C-64\/16, o TJUE tem afirmado consistentemente que qualquer \u00f3rg\u00e3o nacional autorizado a decidir sobre quest\u00f5es de direito da UE deve cumprir os requisitos de independ\u00eancia judicial conferidos pelo princ\u00edpio da prote\u00e7\u00e3o judicial efetiva consagrado no art. 19(1)(2) TUE e art. 47 CFR.
\r\nAssim, um tribunal nacional pode basear-se nos par\u00e2metros da UE e, possivelmente, no pedido de decis\u00e3o prejudicial, a fim de proteger a sua pr\u00f3pria independ\u00eancia e imparcialidade como requisitos essenciais para o respeito do Estado de direito (mais recentemente, isto foi confirmado no C- 487\/19, W.\u017b.).
\r\n
\r\nNeste contexto, todos os profissionais da justi\u00e7a em todos os Estados-Membros desempenham um papel crucial na luta pelo Estado de direito, que \u00e9 uma garantia essencial para os valores europeus dos direitos humanos e da liberdade. Os ju\u00edzes, procuradores e advogados provaram ser os mais importantes defensores do Estado de direito, tanto nas suas pr\u00f3prias jurisdi\u00e7\u00f5es, como tamb\u00e9m a n\u00edvel transnacional (Comunica\u00e7\u00e3o da Comiss\u00e3o, Refor\u00e7ar o Estado de direito na Uni\u00e3o: um plano de a\u00e7\u00e3o (COM(2019) 343 final, e Comunica\u00e7\u00e3o da Comiss\u00e3o 2021, Relat\u00f3rio sobre o Estado de Direito COM\/2021\/700 final. Neste contexto s\u00f3cio-jur\u00eddico, a necessidade de forma\u00e7\u00e3o transfronteiri\u00e7a em mat\u00e9ria de independ\u00eancia judicial, direitos fundamentais e Estado de direito \u00e9 de import\u00e2ncia crucial para o processo de integra\u00e7\u00e3o na UE. do TJUE e do TEDH sobre o Estado de direito e a independ\u00eancia judicial est\u00e1 a desenvolver-se e a crescer rapidamente, exigindo, por isso, uma compreens\u00e3o aprofundada dos princ\u00edpios que garantem a independ\u00eancia judicial e das normas relativas ao Estado de Direito, bem como uma compreens\u00e3o da sua aplicabilidade concreta nos casos nacionais.","financiamento":"European CommissionJUST-2022-JTRA","estado-projeto":["Em Curso"],"link_para_pagina_do_projeto":"","hub":[]},"cluster":[],"grupo-de-investigacao":[10],"class_list":["post-2025","projetos","type-projetos","status-publish","hentry","grupo-de-investigacao-direito-constitucional-e-ciencia-politica"],"yoast_head":"\nTRust, Independence, Impartiality and Accountability of Legal professionals under the EU Charter - part 2 (TRIIAL 2) GA n\u00ba 101089737<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Providing training activities and tools aimed at making judges, prosecutors, and lawyers familiar with the European concepts of independence, impartiality and accountability, the principles of mutual trust and mutual recognition in the justice field, as well as the protection offered to the freedom of expression of justice professionals. In doing so, it enhances the contribution of these professionals to the protection of fundamental rights, ultimately benefiting the European rule of law (RoL). Activities: training at least 500 justice professionals within 12 cross-border trainings (WP2); developing an e-repository of training materials in English and 8 national languages (WP3); developing an active network of professionals exchanging views on the European RoL related issues, which will include the consortium partners, associate partners, trainers and trainees (WPs1-4); updating the CJC database with new European and domestic case law on RoL topics (WPs2-4); disseminating RoL and fundamental rights standards at the national level through cross-border training events (WPs2-4); collecting and developing training tools that may be included in the e-Justice portal (WPs2-4). Type and number of persons benefiting from the project: Directly (through the training events) approx. 500 judges, prosecutors, and lawyers, some of whom are also legal trainers. Indirectly, EU citizens, civil society, national legislators, EU policy makers will also benefit, as justice will be delivered by more informed professionals. Expected results: Increasing the ability of justice professionals to promote the European RoL in their everyday work, notably by means of the different techniques of judicial interaction; fostering cross-sectoral and cross-border cooperation in the promotion of the European RoL.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lisbonpubliclaw.pt\/en\/projetos\/trust-independence-impartiality-and-accountability-of-legal-professionals-under-the-eu-charter-part-2-triial-2-ga-no-101089737\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"TRust, Independence, Impartiality and Accountability of Legal professionals under the EU Charter - part 2 (TRIIAL 2) GA n\u00ba 101089737\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Providing training activities and tools aimed at making judges, prosecutors, and lawyers familiar with the European concepts of independence, impartiality and accountability, the principles of mutual trust and mutual recognition in the justice field, as well as the protection offered to the freedom of expression of justice professionals. In doing so, it enhances the contribution of these professionals to the protection of fundamental rights, ultimately benefiting the European rule of law (RoL). Activities: training at least 500 justice professionals within 12 cross-border trainings (WP2); developing an e-repository of training materials in English and 8 national languages (WP3); developing an active network of professionals exchanging views on the European RoL related issues, which will include the consortium partners, associate partners, trainers and trainees (WPs1-4); updating the CJC database with new European and domestic case law on RoL topics (WPs2-4); disseminating RoL and fundamental rights standards at the national level through cross-border training events (WPs2-4); collecting and developing training tools that may be included in the e-Justice portal (WPs2-4). Type and number of persons benefiting from the project: Directly (through the training events) approx. 500 judges, prosecutors, and lawyers, some of whom are also legal trainers. Indirectly, EU citizens, civil society, national legislators, EU policy makers will also benefit, as justice will be delivered by more informed professionals. 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