Proceeding from the assumption that they constitute two originally independent legal orders, the interaction between them is explained on the basis of Article 8(4) of the Portuguese Constitution. This provision requires the application of rules of European Union law where they have been adopted in the exercise of powers conferred upon the European Union and are consistent with the fundamental principles of a democratic state governed by the rule of law. The purpose of this work is therefore to examine the various instances of interaction between the two legal orders in light of these two conditions governing reception, from a perspective intended to remain politically neutral, as befits legal positivism.

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In this special issue, we have gathered contributions that trace this path from multiple angles: the recurring oscillation between expansion and retrenchment of ESG obligations, the constitutional weight of sustainability commitments in EU law, the persistent gap between disclosure and real-world outcomes, and the practical limits of due diligence in complex value chains. We also look beyond the usual terrain of corporate ESG law, following accountability's shifting sands into outer space and artificial intelligence — two frontiers where governance frameworks remain fragmented or altogether absent.

We hope, therefore, to offer readers a clearer map of the terrain ESG law is currently crossing.

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Taking into account the legislation currently in force in the Republic of Mozambique, this paper offers a number of elements for a proper understanding of the international legal framework governing the exercise of jurisdiction by Mozambican maritime courts under the Law of the Sea.

To this end, it examines, in turn, the distinction between the Law of the Sea and Maritime Law, the sources of the Law of the Sea as an integral part of Mozambique's legal system, the legal status of the maritime zones that make up the maritime domain of the Republic of Mozambique, and the legal framework governing maritime offences and maritime administrative infringements under Mozambican law.

Given the wide range of legal sources within the Mozambican legal system that maritime courts must consider when assessing conduct that may potentially constitute maritime offences or maritime administrative infringements within Mozambique's national maritime domain, the task of selecting, interpreting and applying the relevant legal provisions is particularly complex.

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However, companies’ operations become even more complex when it comes to operations in conflict-affected areas. This book explores how companies can contribute to human rights and environmental violations in conflict-affected and high-risk areas. It challenges the assumption used often by companies which assumes that they can remain neutral in conflict zones, arguing instead that their presence and activities inevitably influence conflict dynamics and may contribute to human rights violations, including war crimes.

Central to the analysis is the concept of heightened human rights due diligence that requires companies to assess not only their direct human rights impacts but also analyse the conflict by using a conflict-sensitive approach to understand how companies may contribute to the conflict.

The study also integrates international humanitarian law into the business and human rights framework, emphasising that companies operating in conflict zones must understand and respect IHL and violations of it can result in civil or criminal liability, including prosecution of corporate executives under international criminal law.

Through detailed case studies – from World War II industrialists to modern examples such as Lafarge, Lundin and Amesys – the book illustrates how companies have been held accountable for human rights abuses in conflict-affected areas.

The book concludes by highlighting the importance of the adoption of a binding international treaty on business and human rights, and calls for clearer guidance on business operations in armed conflicts. It emphasises that responsible business conduct in conflict zones is a strategic necessity for companies that seek to avoid reputational, operational, and liability risks.

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The post Ecodesigning the Future: Legal Frontiers in the EU’s Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation appeared first on Lisbon Public Law.